When the lipoprotein carrying cholesterol in the bloodstream is oxidized, it releases cholesterol to the inner linings or walls of arteries. Which disease is associated with the accumulation of this cholesterol plaque on the artery walls?

The disease associated with the accumulation of cholesterol plaque in the arterial walls is arteriosclerosis

Explanation:

Elevated cholesterol levels (LDL, the so-called "bad"), can form a plaque that sticks to the wall of the blood vessels, generating atherosclerosis. This leads to narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries.