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30 January, 22:37

In a solution of H2SO4, rank the concentration of H2SO4, H+, SO42 - from highest concentration to lowest concentration.

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  1. 30 January, 22:50
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    [H⁺] > [SO₄²⁻] > [H₂SO₄]

    Explanation:

    H₂SO₄ is a strong acid, which means that most of it ionizes in aqueous solution.

    Since it is a diprotic acid (two hydrogen ions) its ionization occurs in two steps:

    H₂SO₄ (aq) → H⁺ (aq) + HSO₄⁻ (aq)

    HSO₄⁻ (aq) → H⁺ (aq) + SO₄²⁻ (aq)

    Thus, almost all H₂SO₄ has ionized and its final concentration is almost nothing.

    After the first ionization, the conentrations of H⁺ (aq) and HSO₄⁻ are equal but by the second ionization more H⁺ ions are produced along with SO₄⁻.

    You can show it as one step dissociation, assuming 100% dissociation (given this is a strong acid):

    By the stequiometry you can build this table:

    H₂SO₄ (aq) → 2H⁺ (aq) + SO₄²⁻ (aq)

    Initial A 0 0

    Change - x + 2x + x

    Equilibrium A - x 2x x

    As explained, A - x is very low, and 2x is twice x. Thus,

    The rank of the concentrations from highest to lowest is:

    [H⁺] > [SO₄²⁻] > [H₂SO₄]
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