What was the significance of Japanese military culture on President Truman's decision to use atomic weapons to end the war?

It was the "never surrender" mentality of the Japanese army. The thought was of dealing with a million or 2 million US lives to invade Japan. The use of the atomic weapon was to save lives.

Harry S. Truman I don't think this is correct, the war ended in a stalemate months after Truman was no longer president. By this time the soviets also had nuclear weapons an ... d they backed North Korea so the use of an atomic weapon would have been reckless to say the least. i think you are confused with the 2nd world war in which atom bombs were used by Truman to punish the Japanese. Editor's Note: President Eisenhower is the correct President for this answer. According to one author of Wikipedia, under the heading of Dwight D. Eisenhower: "As President, Eisenhower threatened to use nuclear weapons, forcing China to agree to a cease-fire of the Korean War. He maintained pressure on the Soviet Union during the Cold War, gave priority to inexpensive nuclear weapons and reduced the other forces to save money." I could not have said it any better than that author so I had to quote him. (I think it was Graham87 but I am uncertain it was him for certain.)