What was transportation like before the 1800's and why did it need to change?.

Roads were mainly only established in cities and paths outside of the cities could be unsafe for multiple reasons including bandits, weather, animals, etc. The industrial revolution and improving technology in the 1800s assisted with making, improving, maintaining, and keeping roads safe. Much of this can apply to ocean travel too, where it was very possible to get lost, attacked by pirates, or caught in a storm.