What qualities did the leaders of the second-wave empires share in common?

The empires that the leaders of the Second Wabe were to rule were much larger than those of the First Wave. The colonies and people were governed from a distance, and leaders achieved the expansion of their empires through wars of conquest. The leaders had more military power, over the old divine power, because they were in command of well-organized armies and fleets of ships to dominate. Instead of seeing themselves as divinities, the rulers of the Second Wabe were politicians, who allowed assemblies and the intervention of the people, like the Greeks. The new rulers were through politics, the creation of laws, new concepts such as citizenship in Rome and Greece, as well as the possibility of not governing for life, but elect leaders, as with the Roman Consuls.