Where did cities first emerge, and what was urban life like?

(Question from This Fleeting World by David Christian)

Urban cities emerged in Europe during the second industrial revolution when there was many new things introduced both good and bad urban areas would be very crowded as many people would move into urban cities due to the mass production of new technology an apartment of one room would consist of at least two families including grandparents. During this time many people would get sick because of how polluted cities would be which also suggests that people would move from rural areas to urban areas and Vice versa