Observations are things that can be perceived with senses (i. e., sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch).

Inferences are decisions based on what was observed.

Use specific examples from Joseph Priestley's experiment to explain the relationship between what he observed and what he inferred.

Joseph Priestly placed a lit candle and a plant under a transparent jar. After a while the candle went out. He left the candle and plant under the jar and tried to relight it after a while with a magnifying glass and the sun. It re lit. He concluded that plants somehow change the composition of the air.