Explain how genetic information is stored in DNA and how this information is used to make functional proteins.

The correct answer will be - codons and each codon specific for amino acids.

Explanation:

Deoxyribose nucleic acid is the genetic material of the organism which provides instructions for the organism. DNA is made up of nucleotide monomers which are composed of five-carbon sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate group and four types of nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine).

It is the arrangement of these nitrogenous bases which provide codes to the organism as it forms mRNA molecule through transcription. The sequence of the nitrogenous bases in mRNA is read by the ribosome during translation.

The ribosome reads the bases in triplets called "codon" which code for a specific amino acid. If the sequence of the base changes, therefore, the amino acid also changes. These amino acids bond to each other by peptide bond and form a protein molecule.