What do scientists typically do before formulating a testable hypothesis?

Most of the scientific method is sparked by a simple question: Why does this happen? A scientist (or any observing party) may see an event and wonder what caused that reaction or event. In order to find out, though, they must first cogently pose the question that outlines what they are looking for in the simplest terms possible. Then they must learn about the event, either through further observation or by asking those with more information or study in that particular area. Then, any variables that may affect the outcome of the event that occurred must be identified, so that they can be accounted for and either minimized or accentuated depending on the nature of testing. Only then should a testable hypothesis be formed.