A. What is the effect of short-wavelength radiation?

Everything that has a temperature gives off electromagnetic radiation (light). Shortwave radiation contains higher amounts of energy and longwave radiation contains a smaller amount of energy. Therefore, the sun gives off shortwave radiation, as it is extremely hot and has a lot of energy to give.

Shortwave radiation (visible light) contains a lot of energy; longwave radiation (infrared light) contains less energy than shortwave radiation (shortwave radiation has a shorter wavelength than longwave radation) ... Once in the Earth's atmosphere, clouds and the surface absorb the solar energy.