Resistance to pesticides a. is an example of gene flow. b. arises by genetic drift. c. is the result of long-term changes in the pesticide. e. e. e. is independent of the selection coefficient. none of the above

none of the above

Explanation:

Resistance to pesticide is caused by genetic mutation. Genetic mutation is an altercation of the Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence that forms the basis of a gene.

When pesticides are introduced to these insects, only those who survived are resistant to the pesticides, the population reduces but yet creating some variant in the gene (allele) over time.

One effect of a mutation, is to create another variant of a gene. When this happens, you have increased the variability of a population, and changed allele frequency. Therefore, there is likelihood that those resistant to the pesticides increase and thrive over time.