During extinction, an instrumental behavior may initially increase as the result of

A. a failure of the dog to obey the new instruction.

B. an extinction burst.

C. temporary defiance.

D. punishment resistance.

The correct option is B.

Instrumental behavior refers to an action that is performed in order to reach a goal, such as obtaining reward or food.

Extinction burst refers to the process of eliminating a behavior by not reinforcing it.

Instrumental behavior such as begging for reward may occur during extinction as a result of extinction burst.