5. After a cell was treated with a certain chemical, the

ribosomes stopped functioning. Which cell activity was

immediately affected by this change in ribosome function?

1) intracellular transport

2) protein synthesis

3) aerobic respiration

4) excretion of metabolic wastes

After a cell was treated with a certain chemical, the ribosomes stopped functioning. The cell activity immediately affected by this change in ribosome function is protein synthesis.

Explanation:

The basic structural units of all living things are known as cells. Inside the cells, specialized structures called ribosomes are present, which synthesize proteins. The protein synthesis in a eukaryotic cell consists of two processes, transcription and translation.

The transcription process takes place in nucleus, where the information from a DNA strand is copied into a single stranded messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule using RNA polymerase enzyme. During the ending of transcription, the completed mRNA strand detaches from DNA and exits the nucleus and goes into a ribosome in the cytoplasm. In the ribosome, translation occurs where the genetic code in mRNA is read and protein is synthesized. These proteins are used by cells to perform important functions such as repairing cellular damage, maintain cellular structure, create hormones, cell division etc.