What adaptations do plants have that allow them to survive on land?

The land plants evolved from the freshwater group of an organism called green algae which live on the coastal regions like the members of Charophyta.

These organism modified themselves to survive on the land by showing certain phenotype adaptations like:

1. Evolution of vascular tissue: plants evolved the tissues to absorb and transport the nutrients from the ground which formed xylem and phloem in the plants.

2. Cuticle layer: Plants developed a waxy layer to maintain the internal water as well as to protect the plants from the water loss.

3. Stomata: plants formed the small pores called stomata in the upper portion like leaves for gaseous exchange and to retain water in the plant.

4. Protected embryo: plants retained the embryo after fertilization in the female plant as the embryo of the algae was released in the water after fertilization.