What is the difference between "discovery science" and "hypothesis-driven science"?

Discovery science is when you observe and make statements off of evidence.

In discovery science, you make observations or analyze data, usually a large amount, to see what kinds of patterns you can find. If you do think you find patterns or other information, you may form a hypothesis and test it traditionally.

In hypothesis-based science, you form an educated guess, or hypothesis (which is almost always based on previous observation), then devise a way to test that hypothesis in a controlled fashion.