Genetic variation leads to genetic diversity in populations and is the raw material for evolution. Biological systems have multiple processes, such as reproduction, that affect genetic variation. They are evolutionarily conserved and shared by various organisms. Which statement best represents the connection between reproduction and evolution?

A) Plants that use sexual reproduction are rare since this type of reproduction in plants does not contribute to genetic diversity.

B) Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation because random mutations can be shufflec between organisms.

C) Since prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually, there is no mechanism for them to add genetic diversity for evolution.

D) In order to increase genetic diversity for evolution in sexually reproducing organisms, mutations must occur in the zygote after fertilization.

Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation because random mutations can be shuffled between organisms.

Explanation:

Sexual reproduction includes gamete formation and fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote (fertilization). The processes of gamete formation and fertilization impart genetic variations in the progeny. New gene combinations are produced during gamete formation by the process of crossing over that occurs during prophase I of meiosis I. These new gene combinations and other mutations present in the germ line cells are transmitted to the progeny during fusion of male and female gametes.

The random fusion of gametes during fertilization adds even more genetic variations to the progeny. Therefore, random fertilization of male and female gametes mixes the mutations present in the germ line cells and thereby impart genetic variations to the progeny. These genetic variations serve as raw material for evolution.