What is it called when a seismic wave bends as it passes from liquid to solid rock?

The correct answer is refraction.

Explanation:

seismic waves are the waves of energy which travels around the earth after an earthquake. These waves which either move through the inner layer is called body waves or along the surface which is called surface waves.

The body waves are of two types P-type and S type. S waves pass only through the solid medium but p waves can pass through both liquid and solid medium.

When P waves travel from liquid to solid, the direction of the waves changes. this change in direction is known as refraction which causes them to curve away from the straight path.

Thus, refraction is the correct answer.

Refraction