The simple pathway of communication from sensory neurons through interneurons in the spinal cord back out through motor neurons is called a (n) :

Reflex arc

Explanation:

The reflex arc is a special type of neural pathway which controls the reflex action or the immediate response to the stimulus in the organisms.

The reflex arc involves the receptor, the sensory neuron, the interneuron located in the spinal cord, the motor neuron and the effector's muscle. The action while controlled by the spinal cord also sends signals to the brain.

The reflex arc is an involuntary action that gets activated to the emergency condition like touching the hot plate, cold plate and sudden instance winch require immediate action.

Thus, the reflex arc is the correct answer.