explain the relationship between embryonic cell layers, gene expression, proteins, and cell differentiation

The embryo is under the influence of mechanical stress during its formation, the pressure exerted on a cell contributes to embryogenesis by promoting the expression of a fundamental gene in the differentiation of primitive embryonic tissues such as the mesoderm (one of the layers of the embryo).

Take the example of mesoderm, β-catenin, generally linked to E-cadherin, is a protein involved in cell junctions. A charge of 6 pN exerted on a cell is sufficient to remove the two proteins, thus allowing the migration of β-catenin towards the nucleus where it causes the coding of the mesodermic gene.