Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

A) Extensive RNA processing is required before prokaryotic transcripts can be translated.

B) Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress.

C) Prokaryotic cells have complicated mechanisms for targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular organelles.

D) Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes require no initiation or elongation factors.

The correct option is B.

Prokaryotes are single cell organisms, which do not have nucleus, thus, their protein synthesis process is quite different from those of eukaryotic organisms. In eukaryotic cells, transcription usually occurs in the nucleus while the translation stage occurs in the cytoplasm. In prokaryotic cells, both transcription and translation take place in the cytoplasm and the two occur at the same time, that is, as transcription is taking place, translation also occur simultaneously, this process is called couple transcription - translation.