Penguins and orcas are both black and white, have developed fins for rapid swimming and are able to tolerate cold water, but penguins are birds and orcas are mammals so they are not closely related organisms; thus, their shared features are an example of:

Analogous structures

Explanation:

Analogous structures are similar structures that evolved independently in two living organisms to serve the same purpose.

Analogous structures are examples of convergent evolution, where two organisms separately have to solve the same evolutionary problem - such as staying hidden, flying, swimming, or conserving water - in similar ways. The result is similar body structures that developed independently.

In the case of analogous structures, the structures are not the same, and were not inherited from the same ancestor. But they look similar and serve a similar purpose.

For example, the wings of an insect, bird, and bat would all be analogous structures: they all evolved to allow flight, but they did not evolve at the same time, since insects, birds, and mammals all evolved the ability to fly at different times.

Analogous structures

Explanation:

Analogous structures are structures that are similar, found in different species organisms that do not share a common ancestral origin. Analogous structures are evolved independently by unrelated species as a result of having being subjected to similar environmental conditions in their different place of dwelling. The features shared by Penguins and orcas, which are similar in function, are an example of analogous structures, since both do not have the same origin.