Which type of mutation occurs in reproductive cells and can be passed to offspring?

The answer is germline mutation. The main changes that matter to huge scale advancement are those that can be passed on to posterity. These happen in regenerative cells like eggs and sperm and are called germline mutation. A solitary germline transformation can have a scope of impacts: No change happens in phenotype.

The germ line mutations takes place in reproductive cells and are passed on to the offspring. They occur in sperm/egg of the organism, and thus, are conveyed into the zygote which develop into a organsim. They are the most important mutations in large scale evolution of a species.