Your heart has four valves. Normally, these valves open to let blood flow through your heart, and then shut to keep it from flowing backward. Sometimes the valves don't work properly, causing some or all of the following disorders. In regurgitation, blood leaks back through the valve in the wrong direction. In valve prolapse, the valves have "floppy" flaps and don't close tightly. It's one of the most common heart valve conditions. Sometimes it causes regurgitation. In stenosis, the valve doesn't open enough and blocks blood flow. Based on your knowledge of the heart, explain how regurgitation, valve prolapse, and stenosis each adversely affects blood flow and the oxygenation of body tissues.

1. Regurgitation

When regurgitation happens, some of the blood flow back. This makes the pumping efficiency of the heart decrease because less blood was pumped forward. There shouldn't be any decrease in oxygenation level.

The blood that flows back will increase the burden of the heart muscle and could cause them to become hypertrophy.

2. Valve prolapse

In valve prolapse, the parachute-like connective tissue that pulls the valve weaken. This will make the valve bulged out. Some of them will lead to regurgitation, but not always.

That is why the symptoms of valve prolapse are similar to regurgitation as it cause some of the blood to flow backwards.

3. Stenosis

Stenosis happens when the valve is not completely open, increasing the resistance of the flow. This condition will reduce the volume of blood that can pass the valve, thus reducing the blood flow to the body tissues.

Stenosis will also put a hard burden on heart muscle behind it, make them hypertrophy to compensate it. There should be no changes in the oxygenation level too.