The parts that are either directly or indirectly related to each other in a system are known as what?

this is system approach,

Explanation:

This is an old concept first proposed by Ludwig Von, for better understanding of complexity of a complex unit,.

This approach places individual elements in their environment, and study them through observation of the relationship they share with one another. It underlying principle in any organisation is that workers' well being is related to the product outputs. Thus an improvements in the system, has a postie effects on the outputs and and satisfaction of the workers.