In general, what is not affected by the ingestion of caffeine?

a. behavioral consequences of alcohol intoxication

b. the risk of cardiovascular disease

c. the time it takes to fall asleep

d. performance of boring or repetitive tasks

The correct answer is "behavioral consequences of alcohol intoxication".

Caffeine is a component mainly from coffee and other beverages such as soft drinks and energy drinks. It acts as a stimulant by binding to the adenosine receptors in the brain; blocking the actions of adenosine in the CNS (adenosine works to signal tiredness). In turn, there will be increased alertness. This does not affect the behavioral consequences of alcohol intoxication as these two works in different pathways.

On the other hand, caffeine ingestion affect the risk of cardiovascular disease as it increases heart rate and myocardial workload; it increases the time to fall asleep; and increases the performance in doing boring repetitive tasks.