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21 June, 20:31

Why is DNA synthesis expected to be more complex in eukaryotes than in bacteria?

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  1. 21 June, 20:38
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    Eukaryotes have multiple replication forks, histones. Eukaryote have more Deoxyribonucleic acids in their genome compared to prokaryotic cells (e. g bacteria)

    Explanation:

    Bacteria is an example of prokaryotic cell. The difference between Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells is that prokaryotic cells are simple in structure, they have no nucleus, no organelles and a small amount of DNA in the form of a single, circular chromosome. While Eukaryotic cells have a well defined nucleus, multiple organelles and more DNA arranged in multiple, linear chromosomes

    DNA synthesis is therefore more complex in eukaryotes because eukaryotes have multiple replication forks in which when replication occurs, precautions need to be set in place in order to prevent unwinding of the DNA strand in multiple sites in a single replication cycle. Also, the DNA in eukaryotes is packaged around histones to form chromatin. Before replication can occur, DNA needs to first be unwound around histones.

    Eukaryotic DNA polymerase incoperates DNA at a much slower rate (17 nucleotides per second) than prokaryotic polymerase (1000 nucleotides per second). Therefore the eukaryotic cells are equipped with a slower polymerase but numerous replication forks more than just the two that are found in prokaryotic cells in order to effectively replicate the increased amount of DNA.
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