Determine the sequence of the following events in a cell after exposure of the cell to a chemical signal.

(1) increased synthesis of a protein

(2) the chemical signal combined with a cytoplasmic receptor

(3) an increase in the nuclear concentration of the chemical

(4) an increase in mRNA synthesis

(5) genes are activated

2. the chemical signal combined with a cytoplasmic receptor

3. an increase in the nuclear concentration of the chemical

5. genes are activated

4. an increase in mRNA synthesis

1. increased synthesis of a protein

Explanation:

As a chemical signal arrives in its target cell, the signal enters the cell and binds to its cytoplasmic receptor. Binding of the signal molecule to the receptor activates the receptor. This is followed by signal transduction during which the original signal is amplified and the activated receptor converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal.

Signal transduction causes some change in the cell. For instance, activated transcription factors increase the rate of gene expression. There is an increased synthesis of particular mRNA molecules followed by increased synthesis of the respective proteins.