Body cells include nerve cells and muscle cells. Each makes a number of different proteins. For example, nerve cells make cholinesterase and muscle cells make myosin. Which statement best compares the DNA normally found in these two types of cells in an individual?

(1) The two cells have identical DNA sequences and use the same section of the DNA to make these two proteins.

(2) The two cells have identical DNA sequences, but use different sections of the DNA to make these two proteins.

(3) The two cells have different DNA sequences, but use the same section of the DNA to make these two proteins. (4) The two cells have different DNA sequences and use different sections of the DNA to make these two proteins.

Regarding the production of cholinesterase and myosin proteins, the statement that best compares the DNA normally found between nerve and muscle cells in an individual is that the two cells have identical DNA sequences, but use different sections of the DNA to make these two proteins.

Explanation:

DNA contains the genetic information needed to determine the structure and function of living organisms. Each DNA molecule is found on a chromosome, and the segments of that DNA molecule are genes.

In somatic cells - such as nerve and muscle cells - the DNA sequences are the same, but what determines the synthesis of different proteins is the information that the genes have, i. e., fragments of DNA contained in a cell.

For this reason, nerve cells have a gene that allows them to synthesize the enzyme cholinesterase, while muscle cells have a gene that codes for myosin, even though they both possess the same DNA sequence.