A state of lawlessness or political disorder caused by the absence or collapse of governmental authority describes

Anarchy

A state of lawlessness or political disorder caused by the absence or collapse of governmental authority describes anarchy.

Anarchy is a way of living in which an individual, or group of people have the idea that government is unessential, and harmful in a society. Anarchy is usually promoted by anarchists. Anarchists are people that reject hierarchy and propose substituting government with voluntary organizations. Anarchists can be found in many countries under both democratic and autocratic governments.

The answer is:

anarchy.