Think about a country where most economic production results in loud construction noise that gives people headaches. What would be the trade-off if the bad result (loud construction noise) were reduced?

Lower incomes

Explanation:

The nations income is generated from production activities that requires a lot of noise, this means forcing corporations to reduce their noise means stopping some of them from production activities, which will all things being equal reduce national income, therefore the trade-off that will result from stopping the noise pollution will be the income that will be forgone from the production activities.