What environmental factors would you suggest account for (a) in-company clinics that deal with employee medical problems, such as the one established by Toyota, and (b) the success of after-hours clinics and urgent-care facilities in many metropolitan areas?

a) Competitive factors which have four basic structural forms of competition: pure competition in which every company has the same product in whose office is more conveniently located or who offers extended hours needed by the patient. Second is monopolistic competition in which many sellers compete and have substitutable products when for example many of the community physicians participate on the panel of both competing plans and the small price changes might lead to a consumer shift from one plan to the other. Third position is oligopoly where a few companies control a majority of the industry sales. The final is monopoly in which there is only one firm that sells a product.

b) Social factors which includes the demographic characteristics of the population: to analyze geographic markets we need to see the description of communities that reflect the population density.