Does a business neceşsarily have obligations to anyone

besides stockholders?

of course. Business have obligations and duties towards many parties. we call these people "stake holders". in other words, they are either interested in the business and activities or are effected by the business activities.

for an example, the community and the environment the business operates in are stakeholders and the firm has responsibility to ensure an environmental friendly production and practices are carried out by the firm.

Government and tax authorities are another example. firm has to make sure that the required disclosures are made and proper taxes are paid timely.

Potential investors are another example, the company has to make sure that they disclose all the relevant and material information that may give signals about the companies future and its direction.