The following are major observations made by behavioral economists regarding human behavior, excepta. workers tend to spend and consume too much in the present, thus not saving enough for retirement. b. people tend to stick with the default option when faced with various alternatives. c. people behave in ways that seem irrational at first glance, but are really rational. d. people often intentionally act in irrational ways.

d. people often intentionally act in irrational ways.

Explanation:

The answer is:

d. people often intentionally act in irrational ways.

People do not intentionally act in irrational ways. For example, no one is going to be careless with money just for the sake of it. They are careless sometimes because of lack of information or study, so basically, they unintentionally act in irrational ways.

About the other options.

a. workers tend to spend and consume too much in the present, thus not saving enough for retirement.

Yes.

Simple example. I think a 2009 research showed that 79% of the NFL players were broke two years after retirement, and they are in the upper ecchelon of earnings.

b. people tend to stick with the default option when faced with various alternatives.

Yes. In this kind of situation, people tend to be conservative, that is, sticking with what they know and trust, the default option.

c. people behave in ways that seem irrational at first glance, but are really rational.

The correct investment, for example, initially may seem irrational to others because they do not read about that. But by the person who invested there may be a lot of study behind that, so it is really rational