costs arise when a customer invests time, energy, and money shifting from the products offered by one established company to the products offered by a new entrant. a. Overhead b. Incremental c. Marginal d. Opportunity e. Switching

Switching cost.

Explanation:

Switching cost is the cost that a customers bears when moving from one product, brand, company or service to another.

Although it is mostly monetary cost, it can also be in terms of effort and time.

Companies use various strategies to make switching cost high so that customer base is retained.