What is the name of the dating method that uses comparisons to determine the age of rock layers?

The answer is; relative dating

Through relative dating, rock layers are able to be sequenced with regards to their ages relative to each other. This, therefore, does not determine the absolute age of the rock layers (absolute dating). Techniques used in relative dating include stratigraphy and biostratigraphy that determine which layer is older than the other. In absolute dating, methods employed are carbon-dating and radiometric dating.