What is a phosphorylation reaction? What functional groups and ions are necessary for phosphorylation

and dephosphorylation?

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group

The phosphate group is PO4^3-

Explanation:

Phosphorylation is defined as a biochemical process which involves the addition of phosphate group (PO4^3-) to an organic compound. Examples of phosphorylation processes include;

1) addition of phosphate to glucose to produce glucose monophosphate

2) addition of phosphate to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Phosphorylation plays critical roles in the regulation of many cellular processes including cell cycle, growth, apoptosis and signal transduction pathways.

Dephosphorylation is the removal of a phosphate group (PO4^3-) from a molecule.