Where are the alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals, the halogens, and the noble gases located on the periodic table?

The Alkali Metals - (Group 1A) can be found (excluding hydrogen) in the first column of the periodic table. They all have 1 valence electron and tend to form + 1 cations when forming Ionic bonds with non metals.

The Alkali Earth Metals: (Group 2A) can be found in the second column/group on the periodic table. These elements form + 2 positively charged cations when forming Ionic bonds with non metals. They also all have 2 valence electrons.

The Halogens: are the elements that make up the second to last group on the periodic table. These elements include Chlorine, Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine, and Astatine. These elements have 7 valence electrons. The usually form a - 1 charged anion when forming ionic bonds with metals.

The Noble gases: the very last group on the periodic table. All these elements have 8 valance electrons. Due to the octet rule these atoms are already very stable and rarely react with other elements.