Explain how the following experimental errors affect the final calculation of the kilocalories per gram for a food item. Be specific as to whether the final value will be higher or lower than if the error had not been made.

a. The student misread the scale and recorded 110.3 g for the final mass of the soda can plus water instead of 101.3 g.

b. Part of the unburned marshmallow fell off before the final mass was determined.

c. The food would not keep burning and had to be relit several times.

d. The thermometer got stuck in the aluminum foil while the food was burning and the final temperature was made with the thermometer in the air above the water and not in the water.

a) the final kilocalories per gram for food will be less because the mass was reduced

b) the final kilocalories per gram for food will be less since

c) the final kilocalories per gram for food will be less since the reaction will eventually go to completion

d) the final kilocalories per gram for food will be more.

Explanation:

a) the final kilocalories per gram for food will be less because the mass was reduced from 110.3 to 101.3g

b) the final kilocalories per gram for food will be less since some marshmallow fell off before the reaction

c) the final kilocalories per gram for food will be less since the reaction will eventually go to completion

d) the final kilocalories per gram for food will be more since the thermometer that got stuck will add to the value of final kilocalories per gram