State the laws of definite proportions and multiple proportions. Illustrate each with an example.

Law of definite proportion - It states that any chemical compound will always have a fixed ratio of elements by mass. For example composition of water is two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, whatever is the source.

Law of multiple proportions - When two elements combine to form more than one compound, the ratio of the mass of one element which combines with other element of fixed mass are small whole numbers. For example carbon monoxide as well as carbon dioxide are made up of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms, ratio of the masses of oxygen that combines with a fixed mass of carbon is 1:2.