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8 February, 12:37

Identify the outer electron configurations for the (a) alkali metals, (b) alkaline earth metals, (c) halogens, (d) noble gases.

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  1. 8 February, 12:58
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    a) Alkali metals

    => group 1

    => Li: 1s2 2s = > 1s

    Na: [Ne] 3s = > 3s

    K: [Ar] 4s = > 4s

    Rb: [Kr] 5s = > 5s

    Cs: [Xe] 6s = > 6s

    Fr: [Rn] 7s = > 7s

    => outer electron configuration is ns, where n is the main energy level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7.

    b) Alkaline earth metals

    => group 2 = > you have to add 1 electron to the alkaly metal of the same row.

    => Be: [He] 2s2 = > 2s2

    Mg: [Ne] 3s2 = > 3s2

    Ca: [Ar] 4s2 = > 4s2

    Sr: [Kr] 5s2 = > 5s2

    Ba: [Xe] 6s2 = > 6s2

    Ra: [Rn[ 7s2 = > 7s2

    =>outer electron configuration is n s2, where n is the main energy level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

    c) halogens

    => group 7

    => F: [He] 2s2 2p5 = > 2s2 2p5

    Cl: [Ne] 3s2 3p5 = > 3s2 3p5

    Br: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 = > 4s2 4p5

    I: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6 = > 5s2 5p5

    At: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5

    => outer electron configuration is ns2 np5, where n is the main energy level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

    d) Noble gases

    => group 8

    I will show only the outer shell which is what is requested

    => He: 1s2

    Ne: ... 2s2 2p6

    Ar: ... 3s2 3p6

    Kr: ... 4s2 4p6

    Xe: ... 5s2 5p6

    Rn: ... 6s2 6p6

    => the outer electron configuration is ns2 np6, except for He for which it is 1s2
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