Which of the following processes have a ΔS < 0? Group of answer choices carbon dioxide (g) → carbon dioxide (s) isopropyl alcohol condenses All of the above processes have a ΔS < 0. water freezes methanol (g, at 555 K) → methanol (g, at 400 K)

The correct answer is All of the above processes have a ΔS < 0

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

ΔS < 0

A negative change in entropy means that the disorder of an isolated system has decreased.

For example, the reaction by which liquid water freezes into ice represents an isolated decrease in entropy because liquid particles are more disordered than solid particles.

Step 2

carbon dioxide (g) → carbon dioxide (s)

When changing from a gas to a solid phase, we change from more disordered particles to less disordered. Which means ΔS < 0

isopropyl alcohol condenses

The system will change from more disordered particles to less disordered. Which means ΔS < 0

water freezes

When water freezes (from liquid to ice), the system will change from more disordered particles to less disordered. Which means ΔS < 0

methanol (g, at 555 K) → methanol (g, at 400 K)

Decreasing the temperature will reduce the disorder. This means ΔS < 0

The correct answer is All of the above processes have a ΔS < 0