Which would be the more valued result: taking one proton from each nucleus in a sample of gold or adding one proton to each gold nucleus? 1. adding one proton to each gold nucleus 2. equally valuable 3. taking one proton from each gold nucleus 4. it requires a case-by-case analysis?

I think what the problem means by "more values result" is what is more likely possible to happen. The most stable element is Iron (Fe). Hence, this is used as the basis of how elements behave in a nuclear reaction. Elements heavier than Fe tend to shed atomic particles, while lighter elements tend to combine to a heavier one. Since gold is heavier than iron, it is more likely to take a proton from its nucleus rather than adding one. Hence, the answer is 3.