What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid and a strong base and a weak base?

Strong acid - It is the species which can readily release proton when mixed with water, as it dissociated readily to give a proton.

For example, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid.

Weak acid - It is the species which can not readily release proton when mixed with water.

For example, Ethanoic acid.

Strong Base - It is the species which can readily release Hydroxyl ion when mixed with water, as it dissociated readily to give the ion OH⁻.

For example,

Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide.

Weak acid - It is the species which can not readily release Hydroxyl ion when mixed with water.

For example, ammonia.