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16 February, 04:03

There are some exceptions to the trends of first and successive ionization energies. For each of the following pairs, explain which ionization energy would be higher:

(a) IE₁ of Ga or IE₁ of Ge

(b) IE₂ of Ga or IE₂ of Ge

(c) IE₃ of Ga or IE₃ of Ge

(d) IE₄ of Ga or IE₄ of Ge

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Answers (2)
  1. 16 February, 04:19
    0
    (b) IE₂ of Ga > IE₂ of Ge

    Explanation:

    Electronic configuration of Ga is [Ar] 3d¹⁰4s²4p¹

    Electronic configuration of Ge is [Ar] 3d¹⁰4s²4p²

    After 1st ionisation, Ga becomes [Ar] 3d¹⁰4s² and becomes stable. Its

    2 nd ionisation requires higher amount of ionisation energy. In case of Ge, there are 2 electrons in outermost orbital so it becomes stable after ionisation of 2 electrons.
  2. 16 February, 04:29
    0
    a) IE1 of Germenium. ionization energy decreases down the group.

    b) Here IE2 of Ga is higher because second valence electron of gallium is in s orbital whereas second valence electron of germenium is in p orbital.

    c) IE3 of Ge is higher as this follows the trend.

    d) IE4 of Ga is higher because the 4th valence electron of Ga is a core electron and the for Ge it is in s orbital and it takes higher energy to break a core electron than the orbital ones.
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