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25 August, 01:59

When ammonia is mixed with hydrogen chloride (HCl), the white solid ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is produced. Suppose 10.0 g ammonia is mixed with the same mass of hydrogen chloride. What substances will be present after the reaction has gone to completion, and what will their masses be?

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  1. 25 August, 02:05
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    There will remain 5.33 grams of NH3 and there will be produced 14.66 grams NH4Cl

    Explanation:

    Step 1: Data given

    Mass of ammonia = 10.0 grams

    Mass of hydrogen chloride = 10.0 grams

    Molar mass of ammonia = 17.03 g/mol

    Molar mass of hydrogen chloride = 36.46 g/mol

    Step 2: the balanced equation

    NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl

    Step 3: Calculate moles NH3

    Moles NH3 = mass NH3 / molar mass NH3

    Moles NH3 = 10.0 grams / 17.03 g/mol

    Moles NH3 = 0.587 moles

    Step 4: Calculate moles HCl

    Moles HCl = 10.0 grams / 36.46 g/mol

    Moles HCl = 0.274 moles

    Step 5: Calculate limiting reactant

    For 1 mol NH3 we need 1 mol HCl to produce 1 mol NH4Cl

    HCl is the limiting reactant. It will completely be consumed. (0.274 moles)

    NH3 is in excess. There will remain 0.587 - 0.274 = 0.313 moles

    This is: 0.313 moles * 17.03 = 5.33 grams

    Step 6: Calculate moles NH4Cl

    For 1 mol NH3 we need 1 mol HCl to produce 1 mol NH4Cl

    For 0.274 moles HCl we need 0.274 moles NH4Cl

    Step 7: Calculate mass of NH4Cl

    Mass NH4Cl = moles NH4Cl * molar mass NH4Cl

    Mass NH4Cl = 0.274 moles * 53.49 g/mol

    Mass NH4Cl = 14.66 grams

    There will remain 5.33 grams of NH3 and there will be produced 14.66 grams NH4Cl
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