The area of earth science that examines the physical and biological changes that have occurred in earth's past is called

Geology is actually the study of planetary physical structures and associated processes (13). This does include rock formation and stratigraphy, but it also concerns plate tectonics which examines mountain formation, and earthquakes and volcanoes, but also examines how the planet's structure has changed over time.

Historical Geology

Explanation:

Historical geology or paleogeology is a discipline that uses the principles and techniques of geology to reconstruct and understand the geological history of Earth.