Ludwig Boltzmann developed a model that relates entropy to: Select the correct answer below:

a. the spontaneous heat flow accompanying a process to the temperature at which the process takes place

b. the number of possible configurations of the locations and energies of the atoms or molecules that comprise a system

c. the spontaneous heat flow accompanying a process to the work done on a system in which the process takes place

d. the number of, sizes, and possible configurations of the locations of the atoms or molecules that comprise a system

the number of possible configurations of the locations and energies of the atoms or molecules that comprise a system

Explanation:

Ludwig Boltzmann suggested that the concept of entropy may be calculated from close examination of the positions and energies of molecules. He developed this idea into an equation, known as the Boltzmann equation, which relates entropy to the number of microstates (W):

S = k ln W

where k is the Boltzmann constant (1.38 x 10-23 J/K), and W is the number of microstates.

Microstates was simply defined as the number of different possible arrangements of molecular position and kinetic energy at a particular thermodynamic state. Hence, any process that gives an increase in the number of microstates therefore increases the entropy.