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17 August, 16:11

Ammonia is produced by the millions of tons annually for use as fertilizer. It is commonly made from N2 and H2 by the Haber process. Because the reaction reaches equilibrium before going completely to product, the stoichiometric amount of ammonia is not obtained. At a particular temperature and pressure, 12.17 g H2 reacts with 24.34 g N2 to form ammonia. When equilibrium is reached, 23.24 g NH3 has formed.

(a) Calculate the percent yield,

(b) How many moles of N2 and H2 are present at equilibrium?

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  1. 17 August, 16:15
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    The % yield is 78.15 %

    At the equilibrium we have 3.418 moles of H2 and 0.869 moles of N2

    Explanation:

    Step 1: Data given

    Mass of H2 = 12.17 grams

    Mass of N2 = 24.34 grams

    Mass of NH3 formed = 23.24 grams

    Molar mass H2 = 2.02 g/mol

    Molar mass N2 = 28 g/mol

    Molar mass NH3 = 17.03 g/mol

    Step 2: The balanced equation

    N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

    Step 3: Calculate moles of H2

    Moles H2 = Mass H2 / molar mass H2

    Moles H2 = 12.17 g / 2.02 g/mol

    Moles H2 = 6.025 moles

    Step 4: Calculate moles of N2

    Moles N2 = 24.34 g / 28.0 g/mol

    Moles N2 = 0.869 moles

    Step 5: Calculate limiting reactant

    For 1 mole of N2 consumed, we need 3 moles of H2 to produce 2 moles of NH3

    N2 is the limiting reactant. It ill completely be consumed. (0.869 moles)

    H2 is in excess. There will react 3*0.869 = 2.607 moles

    There will remain 6.025 - 2.607 = 3.418 moles of H2

    Step 6: Calculate moles of NH3

    For 1 mole of N2 consumed, we need 3 moles of H2 to produce 2 moles of NH3

    For 0.869 moles of N2 we have 2*0.869 = 1.738 moles of NH3

    Step 7: Calculate mass of NH3

    mass NH3 = moles NH3 * molar mass NH3

    Mass NH3 = 1.738 moles * 17.03 g/mol

    Mass NH3 = 29.60 grams NH3 = theoretical yield

    Step 8: Calculate % yield

    %yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100%

    % yield = (23.24 grams / 29.60 grams) * 100%

    % yield = 78.51 %

    The % yield is 78.15 %

    At the equilibrium we have 3.418 moles of H2 and 0.869 moles of N2
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