Почему молекулы алканов в пространстве имеют зигзагообразную форму

Alkanes (also saturated hydrocarbons, paraffins) are acyclic hydrocarbons of a linear or branched structure, containing only simple bonds and forming a homological series with the general formula C n H 2n + 2.

Explanation:

ll alkanes belong to a larger class of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, that is, they contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms for a given number of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in the alkane molecules is in a state of sp 3 - hybridization - all 4 hybrid orbitals of the C atom are identical in shape and energy, 4 bonds are directed to the vertices of the tetrahedron at angles of 109 ° 28 '. C - C bonds are σ bonds characterized by low polarity and polarizability. The C - C bond length is 0.154 nm, the C - H bond length is 0.1087 nm.

The simplest member of the class is methane (CH 4). The hydrocarbon with the longest chain - noncontactrictan C 390 H 782 - was synthesized in 1985 by English chemists I. Bidd and MK K. Whiting