An atom that has fewer neutrons than protons and more electrons than protons is a (n)

ion.

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A solution that has fewer neutrons than protons and more electrons than protons is a negative ion.

Explanation:

Atoms in their original state have equal number of protons and electrons. The subatomic particles that take part in reaction are electrons. When the electrons of an atom involve in a reaction an atom may lose or gain electrons and reach ionic state.

Ions can be positively charged or negatively charged and the charge acquired depends on whether electrons are gained or lost. The process of losing electrons make an atom a positively charged ion and gaining electrons make an atom a negatively charged ion.

In this case the number of electrons is more than the number of protons which means there is an excess of negative charge and the atom has become a negatively charged ion.